Vessels of the heart. Blood supply to the heart

The heart receives arterial blood from the aorta through the right and left coronary arteries, the branches of which form anastomoses with each other.

The branches of the coronary arteries break up to capillaries, which supply all the membranes of the heart, papillary muscles, chords, and valves with blood

The right coronary artery (arteria coronaria dextra) arises from the aorta at the level of the right sinus of Valsalva.

It is located in the atrioventricular sulcus, passing to the lower surface of the heart, where it breaks down into small branches and forms anastomoses with branches of the left coronary artery.

Branches of the right coronary artery:

1. The arterial conus branch (ramus coni arteriosi) is located in the area of the orifice of the pulmonary trunk, and supplies the outflow tract of the pulmonary trunk with blood

   

2. The acute marginal artery or the right marginal branch (ramus marginalis dexter) passes along the right edge of the heart and supplies the wall of the right ventricle with blood

   

3. The artery (branch) of the sinuatrial node (ramus nodi sinuatrialis) approaches the sinuatrial node and supplies it with blood

   

4. The posterior interventricular branch (posterior descending artery) (arteria interventricularis posterior) passes through the posterior interventricular sulcus, anastomoses with the anterior interventricular artery. It supplies the posterior region of the interventricular septum with blood

   

5. The branch of the atrioventricular node (ramus nodi atrioventricularis) approaches the atrioventricular node in the thickness of the interatrial node and supplies it with blood

The left coronary artery (arteria coronaria sinistra) arises from the aorta at the level of the left sinus of Valsalva.

Branches of the left coronary artery:

1. The anterior interventricular branch or anterior descending artery (ramus interventricularis anterior) is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies the anterior region of the interventricular septum, the anterior wall of the left and right ventricles, and the apex of the heart with blood

   

2. The diagonal branch (ramus diagonalis) runs along the anterolateral surface of the heart and supplies the anterolateral surface of the left ventricle with blood

   

3. The circumflex branch (ramus circumflexus) is located in the coronary sulcus and supplies the posterior surface of the left ventricle with blood

   

   

4. The obtuse marginal artery, or the left marginal branch (ramus marginalis sinister) passes along the left lateral surface of the heart, and supplies the lateral and posterior parts of the left ventricle with blood

   

5. The septal interventricular branches (rr. interventriculares septales) pass through the thickness of the interventricular septum and supply the interventricular septum with blood

   

6. The intermediate artery (ramus intermedius) is located mainly on the lateral wall of the left ventricle, and supplies the lateral wall of the left ventricle with blood.

The number of heart veins is greater than the number of heart arteries. Venous outflow from the myocardium goes through the coronary sinus (sinus coronarius) into the right atrium.

The tributaries of the coronary sinus are:

1. The great cardiac vein (vena cordis magna) is located anteriorly in the anterior interventricular sulcus next to the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery, turns to the left and passes along the posterior surface in the coronal sulcus, where it ends by the coronary sinus. It drains blood from the anterior and posterior sides of the right and left ventricles and the interventricular septum.

   

   

2. The middle cardiac vein (vena cordis media) is located in the posterior interventricular sulcus, flows into the coronary sinus. It drains blood from the posterior walls of the right and left ventricles and the apex of the heart.

   

3. The small cardiac vein (vena cordis parva) passes along the lateral surface of the right ventricle and ends by the coronary sinus. It drains blood from the walls of the right ventricle.

   

4. The posterior vein of the left ventricle (vena ventriculi sinistri posterior) lies on the posterior wall of the left ventricle and ends by the coronary sinus or the great cardiac vein. It carries out the blood outflow from the posterior wall of the left ventricle.

   

5. The oblique vein of the left atrium (vena obliqua atrii sinistri) is located on the posterior wall of the left atrium and ends by the coronary sinus. It drains blood from the left atrium.

   

6. The anterior cardiac veins (venae cordis anteriores) are small tributaries located on the anterior surface of the right ventricle, which end by the right atrium. They drain blood from the anterior wall of the right ventricle.

   

7. The smallest (Thebesian) cardiac veins (venae cardiacae minimae) arise from the thickness of the myocardium and end directly by the right and left atria, and some of them end by the ventricles.

The lymph outflow of the heart is carried out to the inferior tracheobronchial and anterior mediastinal lymph nodes.

The innervation of the heart occurs through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

Sympathetic nerve fibers in the composition of cardiac nerves contribute to the acceleration of the heart rate and expand the lumen of the coronary arteries.

Parasympathetic nerve fibers slow down the heart rate and narrow the lumen of the coronary arteries.

Dictionary

Vessels of the heart.Blood supply to the heart

Right coronary artery

arteria coronaria dextra

Arterial conus branch

ramus coni arteriosi

Right marginal branch

ramus marginalis dexter

Sinoatrial node artery

arteria nodi sinoatrialis

Posterior interventricular branch

arteria interventricularis posterior

Posterolateral artery

arteria lateralis posterior

Atrioventricular node branch

ramus nodi atrioventricularis

Left coronary artery

arteria coronaria sinistra

Anterior interventricular branch

ramus interventricularis anterior

Diagonal branch

ramus diagonalis

Circumflex branch

ramus circumflexus

Left marginal branch

ramus marginalis sinister

Septal interventricular branches

rr. septalis

Intermediate artery

ramus intermedius

Coronary sinus

sinus coronarus

Great cardiac vein

vena cordis magna

Middle cardiac vein

vena cordis media

Small cardiac vein

vena cordis parva

Posterior vein of the left ventricle

vena posterior ventriculi sinistri

Obliquae vein of left atrium

vena obliqua atrii sinistri

Anterior cardiac veins

venae cardiacae anteriores

The smallest cardiac veins

venae cardiacae minimae