In this pdf-note, we’ll start with the borders of the upper limb:

• The anterior border is the deltopectoral groove

• The posterior border is the posterior deltoid groove

  

  

  Within the upper limb, there are many regions:

• Deltoid region (regio deltoidea)

• Axillary region (regio axillaris)

• Anterior region of the arm (regio brachialis anterior)

• Posterior region of the arm (regio brachialis posterior)

• Anterior region of the elbow (regio cubitalis anterior)

• Posterior region of the elbow (regio cubitalis posterior)

• Anterior region of the forearm (regio antero brachialis anterior)

• Posterior region of the forearm (regio anterobrachialis posterior)

• Anterior region of the wrist (regio carpalis anterior)

• Posterior region of the wrist (regio carpalis posterior)

• Palmar region of the hand (regio palmaris manus)

• Dorsal region of the hand (regio dorsalis manus)

  

  

  Within these areas, the muscles of the upper limb are located.

  These include:

• Pectoral girdle muscles

• Muscles of the free part of upper limb

  The muscles of the free part of the upper limb are divided into:

• Arm muscles

• Forearm muscles

• Hand muscles

  There are three groups among the muscles of the hand:

• The thenar eminence muscles (thenar) is the lateral group

• The hypothenar eminence muscles (hypothenar) form the medial group

• The middle muscle group

  The middle muscle group includes:

• Lumbricals muscles (mm. lumbricales)

  

  Lumbricals muscles
  (mm. lumbricales)

  Origin: tendon of the flexor digitorium profundus muscle

  Insertion: these muscles pass to the radial side of the fingers 2-5, where they pass to the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanges and insert into the dorsal aponeuroses

  Function: flex the proximal phalanges of fingers 2-5, extend the middle and distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

  Innervation: first and second muscles are innvervated by the median nerve (C5-Th1), third and fourth muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve (C5-Th1)

  Blood supply: superficial palmar arterial arch, deep palmar arterial arch

• Palmar interossei muscles (mm. interossei palmares)

  

  Palmar interossei muscles
  (mm. interossei palmares)

  Origin:

  The first muscle arises from the medial margin of the 2nd metacarpal

  The second and the third muscles arise from the lateral margin of the 4th and the 5th metacarpals

  Insertion:

  The first muscle inserts into the medial surface of the capsule of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the 2nd finger

  The second and the third muscles insert into the lateral surface of the capsules of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the fingers 4 and 5

  Function: adducts fingers 2, 4 and 5 to the middle one

  Innervation: ulnar nerve (C7-Th1)

  Blood supply: deep palmar arterial arch

• Dorsal interossei muscles (mm. interossei dorsales)

Dictionary

Muscles of the hand

Deltoid region

regio deltoidea

Axillary region

regio axillaris

Anterior region of the arm

regio brachialis anterior

Posterior region of the arm

regio brachialis posterior

Anterior region of the elbow

regio cubitalis anterior

Posterior region of the elbow

regio cubitalis posterior

Anterior region of the forearm

regio anterobrachialis anterior

Posterior region of the forearm

regio anterobrachialis posterior

Anterior region of the wrist

regio carpalis anterior

Posterior region of the wrist

regio carpalis posterior

Palmar region of the hand

regio palmaris manus

Dorsal region of the hand

regio dorsalis manus

Thenar eminence

thenar

Hypothenar eminence

hypothenar

Lumbricals muscles

mm. lumbricales

Palmar interossei muscles

mm. interossei palmares

Dorsal interossei muscles

mm. interossei dorsales