The bones of the foot (ossa pedis) include the tarsal bones (ossa tarsi), the metatarsals (ossa metatarsi), and the phalanges (phalanges/ossa digitorum).

Let us examine the tarsal bones. These are 7 small bones that form two rows — a proximal and a distal row.

The bones of the proximal row are the following:

• talus (talus)

• calcaneus (calcaneus)

  

  Now come the bones of the distal row:

• navicular (os naviculare)

  

• cuboid (os cuboideum)

  

• medial cuneiform (os cuneiforme mediale)

  

• intermediate cuneiform (os cuneiforme intermedium)

  

• lateral cuneiform (os cuneiforme laterale)

  

The talus consists of several parts:

• body (corpus tali)

  

• head (caput tali)

  

• neck (collum tali)

  

On the body of the bone is the trochlea of the talus (trochlea tali).

This trochlea has three articular surfaces:

• superior surface (facies superior), connecting to the inferior articular surface of the tibia

  

• medial malleolar facet (facies malleolaris medialis), connecting to the ankle surface of the tibia

  

• lateral malleolar facet (facies malleolaris lateralis), connecting to the ankle surface of the fibula

  

  The posterior process of the talus (processus posterior tali) is derived from the body of the bone.

  

  This process has a groove for the tendon for the flexor hallucis longus (sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi), which divides the process into a medial tubercle (tuberculum mediale)

  

  

  and a lateral tubercle (tuberculum laterale).

  

  The lower part of the talus also has three articular surfaces that connect to the calcaneus:

• the anterior facet for the calcaneus (facies articularis calcanea anterior)

• the middle facet for the calcaneus (facies articularis calcanea media)

• the posterior facet for the calcaneus (facies articularis calcanea posterior)

  Between the posterior and middle facets lies talar sulcus (sulcus tali), to which the ligaments are attached.

  The head of the talus has a navicular articular surface (facies articularis navicularis) that connects to the navicular.

  The calcaneus is under the talus.

  

  At the back of the calcaneus lies the calcaneal tuberosity (tuber calcanei).

  

  From the calcaneal tuberosity the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity (processus lateralis tuberis calcanei)

  

  and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity (processus medialis tuberis calcanei) depart.

  

  The upper part of the calcaneus also has three articular surfaces that connect to the talus:

• the anterior talar articular surface (facies articularis talaris anterior)

• the medial talar articular surface (facies articularis talaris media)

• the posterior talar articular surface (facies articularis talaris posterior)

Between the posterior and middle talar articular surfaces lies a calcaneal sulcus (sulcus calcanei). Together with the corresponding talar sulcus, it forms the tarsal sinus (sinus tarsi), in which there is a ligament that connects these two bones.

On the medial side, the so-called sustentaculum tali is derived from the talus.

On the front part of the bone there is an articular surface for the cuboid (facies articularis cuboidea), which connects to the cuboid.

On the lateral surface there is the groove for the tendon of the fibularis longus (sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis longi).

On its lateral surface there is also the fibular trochlea (trochlea fibularis).

On the navicular, the tuberosity of the navicular (tuberositas ossis navicularis) can be distinguished.

And on the cuboid we can see the tuberosity of the cuboid (tuberositas ossis cuboidei).

There are no specific formations on the cuneiform bones, which should be separately mentioned.

Dictionary

Tarsal bones

bones of foot

ossa pedis

tarsal bones

ossa tarsi

metatarsals

ossa metatarsi

phalanges

phalanges/ossa digitorum

talus

talus

calcaneus

calcaneus

navicular

os naviculare

cuboid

os cuboideum

medial cuneiform

os cuneiforme mediale

intermediate cuneiform

os cuneiforme intermedium

lateral cuneiform

os cuneiforme laterale

body of talus

corpus tali

head of talus

caput tali

neck of talus

collum tali

trochlea of talus

trochlea tali

superior surface

facies superior

medial malleolar facet

facies malleolaris medialis

lateral malleolar facet

facies malleolaris lateralis

posterior process of talus

processus posterior tali

groove for tendon for flexor hallucis longus

sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi

medial tubercle

tuberculum mediale

lateral tubercle

tuberculum laterale

anterior facet for calcaneus

facies articularis calcanea anterior

middle facet for calcaneus

facies articularis calcanea media

posterior facet for calcaneus

facies articularis calcanea posterior

talar sulcus

sulcus tali

navicular articular surface

facies articularis navicularis

calcaneal tuberosity

tuber calcanei

lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity

processus lateralis tuberis calcanei

medial process of calcaneal tuberosity

processus medialis tuberis calcanei

anterior talar articular surface

facies articularis talaris anterior

middle talar articular surface

facies articularis talaris media

posterior talar articular surface

facies articularis talaris posterior

calcaneal sulcus

sulcus calcanei

tarsal sinus

sinus tarsi

sustentaculum tali

sustentaculum tali

articular surface for cuboid

facies articularis cuboidea

groove for tendon of fibularis longus

sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis longi

fibular trochlea

trochlea fibularis

tuberosity of navicular

tuberositas ossis navicularis

tuberosity of cuboid

tuberositas ossis cuboidei