There are the following borders of the head region:
Inferior border of the body of mandible
Temporomandibular joint
Mastoid process
Superior nuchal line
External occipital protuberance

There are several anatomical regions within the head:
Frontal region (regio frontalis)
Parietal region (regio parietalis)
Occipital region (regio occipitalis)
Temporal region (regio temporalis)
Facial region (regio facialis)

The facial muscles and the masticatory muscles are the two groups of the muscles of the head.
When the facial muscles contract, they form facial gestures, which express certain emotions. This is possible since the facial muscles originate from the bones, and their other end inserts into the skin in the facial region. They are innervated by the facial nerve.
The masticatory muscles act on the temporomandibular joint, providing mastication. Just like other skeletal muscles, they originate from bones and attach to bones. They are innervated by the trigeminal nerve
Now let’s cover the masticatory muscles. These include:
Masseter muscle (m. masseter)
Masseter muscle (m. masseter) – surface part Masseter muscle (m. masseter) – deep part Masseter muscle
(m. masseter)Origin:
Superficial part: zygomatic bone, anterior two-thirds of the zygomatic arch
Deep part: posterior third of the zygomatic arch
Insertion: masseteric tuberosity, lateral surface of the coronoid process
Function: lifts the mandible and slightly pushes it forward
Innervation: masseteric nerve, which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve
Blood supply: masseteric artery, transverse facial artery
Temporalis muscle (m. temporalis)
Temporalis muscle (m. temporalis) Temporalis muscle
(m. temporalis)Origin: cranium bones and temporal fascia
Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible
Function: lifts the mandible and pulls it back
Innervation: deep temporal nerves, which are the branches of the trigeminal nerve
Blood supply: superficial temporal artery, anterior deep temporal artery
Medial pterygoid muscle (m. pterygoideus medialis)
Medial pterygoid muscle (m. pterygoideus medialis) Medial pterygoid muscle
(m. pterygoideus medialis)Origin:
Deep head: pterygoid fossa of the sphenoid bone, pyramidal process of the palatine bone
Superficial head: maxilla, superior to the last molar tooth
Insertion: pterygoid tuberosity of the mandible
Function: lifts the mandible and pushes it forward
Innervation: medial pterygoid nerve, which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve
Blood supply: maxillary artery, facial artery
Lateral pterygoid muscle (m. pterygoideus lateralis)

(m. pterygoideus lateralis)
Origin:
Superior head: maxillary surface and infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
Inferior head: lateral surface of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
Insertion: neck of the mandible, capsule of the temporomandibular joint
Function: pushes the mandible forward and stretches the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint
Innervation: lateral pterygoid nerve, which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve
Blood supply: maxillary artery, facial artery
Muscles of mastication
- Frontal region
- regio frontalis
- Parietal region
- regio parietalis
- Occipital region
- regio occipitalis
- Temporal region
- regio temporalis
- Facial region
- regio facialis
- Masseter muscle
- m. masseter
- Temporalis muscle
- m. temporalis
- Medial pterygoid muscle
- m. pterygoideus medialis
- Lateral pterygoid muscle
- m. pterygoideus lateralis