There are the following borders of the neck region:
The superior border passes through the inferior border of the mandible, temporomandibular joint, mastoid process, superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance
The inferior border passes through the jugular notch, clavicle, acromion of the scapula, spinous process of the C7 vertebra

There are several anatomical regions within the neck:
Anterior cervical region (regio cervicalis anterior)
Lateral cervical region (regio cervicalis lateralis)
Posterior cervical region (regio cervicalis posterior)
Sternocleidomastoid region (regio sternocleidomastoidea)

The muscles of the neck are located within these anatomical areas. They are divided into superficial and deep. The superficial muscles form three groups:
Surface group
Infrahyoid group
Suprahyoid group
The surface group includes:
Platysma muscle (platysma)
Platysma muscle (platysma) Platysma muscle (platysma) Platysma muscle (platysma) Platysma muscle
(platysma)Origin: pectoral fascia in the region of the clavicle, subcutaneous tissue in the region of ribs 1-2
Insertion: masseteric fascia + weaves into the muscles of the angle of the mouth
Function: stretches the skin of the neck, also is classified as a facial muscle; lowers the angle of the mouth
Innervation: cervical branch of the facial nerve
Blood supply: transverse cervical artery, superior and inferior thyroid arteries, facial artery
Sternocleidomastoid muscle (m. sternocleidomastoideus)
Sternocleidomastoid muscle (m. sternocleidomastoideus) Sternocleidomastoid muscle (m. sternocleidomastoideus) Sternocleidomastoid muscle (m. sternocleidomastoideus) Sternocleidomastoid muscle
(m. sternocleidomastoideus)Origin:
The sternal crus arises from the manubrium of the sternum
The clavicular crus arises from the sternal end of the clavicle
A lesser supraclavicular fossa (fossa supraclavicularis minor) is located between the cruses
Insertion: mamillary process of the temporal bone, lateral part of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
Function: with a bilateral contraction, it throws the head back, with a unilateral contraction, it tilts the head to its own side and turns the face in the opposite direction
Innervation: accessory nerve
Blood supply: sternocleidomastoid branch of the superior thyroid artery, occipital artery
Trapezius muscle (m. trapezius)
Trapezius muscle (m. trapezius) Trapezius muscle (m. trapezius) Trapezius muscle
(m. trapezius)Origin:
Descending part: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae, nuchal ligament
Transverse part: spinous process of Th1-Th4 vertebrae
Ascending part: spinous process of Th5-Th12 vertebrae
Insertion:
Descending part: external third of the clavicle
Transverse part: acromion of the scapula, spine of the scapula
Ascending part: spine of the scapula
Function:
Descending part: brings the scapula closer to the spine (superiorly and medially), helps to extend the cervical spine, helps to turn the head to the contralateral side
Transverse part: pulls the scapula medially
Ascending part: pulls the scapula inferiorly and medially
Innervation:
Motor branches: accessory nerve
Sensory branches: cervical plexus (C3-C4)
Blood supply: transverse artery of the neck, occipital, suprascapular, posterior intercostal arteries
The suprahyoid group includes:
Digastric muscle (m. digastricus)
Digastric muscle (m. digastricus) – anterior belly Digastric muscle (m. digastricus) – posterior belly Digastric muscle
(m. digastricus)Origin:
Anterior belly (venter anterior) is the digastric fossa of the mandible
Posterior belly (venter posterior) is the mastoid notch of the temporal bone
Both bellies are connected by an intermediate tendon
Insertion: intermediate tendon, which inserts into the body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone
Function: with unilateral contraction, it lifts the hyoid bone; with a fixed hyoid bone, it lowers the mandible; with bilateral contraction, it pulls the hyoid bone posteriorly and superiorly
Innervation: digastric branch of the facial nerve (posterior belly), mylohyoid nerve (anterior belly)
Blood supply: mental artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery
Stylohyoid muscle (m. stylohyoideus)
Stylohyoid muscle (m. stylohyoideus) Stylohyoid muscle
(m. stylohyoideus)Origin: styloid process
Insertion: body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone
Function: with unilateral contraction, it lifts the hyoid bone; with bilateral contraction, it pulls the hyoid bone back and up
Innervation: stylohyoid branch of the facial nerve
Blood supply: facial artery, occipital artery
Mylohyoid muscle (m. mylohyoideus)
Mylohyoid muscle (m. mylohyoideus) Mylohyoid muscle (m. mylohyoideus) Mylohyoid muscle
(m. mylohyoideus)Origin: mylohyoid line of the mandible
Insertion: body of the hyoid bone
Function: forms the oral diaphragm, with unilateral contraction, it lifts the hyoid bone; with bilateral contraction, it pulls the hyoid bone back and up
Innervation: mylohyoid nerve
Blood supply: hyoid artery, mental artery
Geniohyoid muscle (m. geniohyoideus)
Geniohyoid muscle (m. geniohyoideus) Geniohyoid muscle
(m. geniohyoideus)Origin: mental spine of the mandible
Insertion: body of the hyoid bone
Function: when the hyoid bone is fixed, it lowers the mandible; when the mandible is fixed, it lifts the hyoid bone
Innervation: muscular branches of the cervical plexus (C1-C2)
Blood supply: hyoid artery, mental artery
The infrahyoid group includes:
Omohyoid muscle (m. omohyoideus)
Omohyoid muscle (m. omohyoideus) – superior belly Omohyoid muscle (m. omohyoideus) – interior belly Omohyoid muscle
(m. omohyoideus)Origin:
The superior belly is the body of the hyoid bone
The inferior belly consists of the superior border of the scapula and the transverse scapular ligament
Insertion: both bellies are connected by an intermediate tendon
Function: pulls the hyoid bone down and posteriorly; when the hyoid bone is fixed, it pulls the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-C2)
Blood supply: inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery
Sternohyoid muscle (m. sternohyoideus)
Sternohyoid muscle (m. sternohyoideus) Sternohyoid muscle (m. sternohyoideus) Sternohyoid muscle
(m. sternohyoideus)Origin: manubrium of the sternum, posterior sternoclavicular ligament, sternal end of the clavicle
Insertion: body of the hyoid bone
Function: pulls the hyoid bone down
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-C2)
Blood supply: superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Sternothyroid muscle (m. sternothyroideus)
Sternothyroid muscle (m. sternothyroideus) Sternothyroid muscle (m. sternothyroideus) Sternothyroid muscle
(m. sternothyroideus)Origin: manubrium of the sternum, cartilage of the 1st rib
Insertion: oblique line of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
Function: lowers the larynx
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-C2)
Blood supply: inferior thyroid artery
Thyrohyoid muscle (m. thyrohyoideus)

(m. thyrohyoideus)
Origin: oblique line of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
Insertion: body and the greater horn of the hyoid bone
Function: lowers the hyoid bone, with a fixed hyoid bone it lifts the larynx
Innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-C2)
Blood supply: superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Superficial muscles of the neck
- Anterior cervical region
- regio cervicalis anterior
- Lateral cervical region
- regio cervicalis lateralis
- Posterior cervical region
- regio cervicalis posterior
- Sternocleidomastoid region
- regio sternocleidomastoidea
- Platysma
- platysma
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- m. sternocleidomastoideus
- Trapezius muscle
- m. trapezius
- Digastric muscle
- m. digastricus
- Stylohyoid muscle
- m. stylohyoideus
- Mylohyoid muscle
- m. mylohyoideus
- Geniohyoid muscle
- m. geniohyoideus
- Omohyoid muscle
- m. omohyoideus
- Sternohyoid muscle
- m. sternohyoideus
- Sternothyroid muscle
- m. sternothyroideus
- Thyrohyoid muscle
- m. thyrohyoideus