In this pdf-note, we’ll start with the borders of the lower limb:

• The posterior border passes through the coccyx and the lateral margins of the sacrum

• The lateral border is the iliac crest

• The anterior border passes through the inguinal ligament and the pubic symphysis

There are several regions within the lower limb:

1. Gluteal region (regio glutealis)

2. Femoral region (regio femoralis)

3. Knee region (regio genus)

4. Leg region (regio cruralis)

5. Ankle region (regio talocruralis)

6. Foot region (regio pedis)

Within these areas, the muscles of the lower limb are located.

These include:

• Pelvic girdle muscles

• Muscles of the free part of lower limb

  The muscles of the free part of the lower limb are divided into:

• Thigh muscles

• Leg muscles

• Foot muscles

  The thigh muscles form three groups:

• The anterior group consists of the thigh flexors and the leg extensors

• The posterior group consists of the thigh extensors and the leg flexors

• The medial group consists of the thigh adductor muscles The posterior group includes the following muscles:

• Biceps femoris muscle (m. biceps femoris). It consists of two heads: long and short.

  

  

  

  

  Biceps femoris muscle
  (m. biceps femoris)

  Origin:

  Long head (caput longum) consists of the ischial tuberosity and the sacrotuberous ligament

  Short head (caput breve) consists of the lateral lip of the linea aspera and the lateral epicondyle of the femur

  Insertion: head of the fibula, lateral condyle of the tibia

  Function: extends the thigh at the hip joint, adducts the thigh, flexes the leg at the knee joint

  Innervation: tibial nerve (S1-S2) innervates the long head, common fibular nerve (L4-S1) innervates the short head

  Blood supply: medial circumflex femoral artery, perforating arteries

• Semitendinosus muscle (m. semitendinosus)

  

  

  

  Semitendinosus muscle
  (m. semitendinosus)

  Origin: ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament

  Insertion: tibial tuberosity. Together with the tendons of the sartorius and gracilis muscles, it forms pes anserinus superficialis (pes anserinus superficialis

  Function: extends the hip at the hip joint, pronates the flexed leg

  Innervation: tibial nerve (L4-S2)

  Blood supply: perforating arteries

• Semimembranosus muscle (m. semimembranosus)

Dictionary

Muscles of the thigh

Gluteal region

regio glutealis

Femoral region

regio femoralis

Knee region

regio genus

Leg region

regio cruralis

Ankle region

regio talocruralis

Foot region

regio pedis

Biceps femoris muscle

m. biceps femoris

Semitendinosus muscle

m. semitendinosus

Semimembranosus muscle

m. semimembranosus